ตารางการหดตัวของไม้ชนิดต่างๆ Wood Shrinkage Table
The following table presents average shrinkage values, from green to ovendry, for a number of commercially important woods. The?values are expressed as a percentage of the green dimension for radial, tangential, and tangential to radial (T/R) shrinkage.
Source: U.S. Forest Products Laboratory
ตารางข้างล่างแสดงการหดตัวเฉลี่ยของไม้ชนิดต่างๆจากไม้สดจนถึงไม้ที่อบแห้ง โดยตัวเลขที่แสดงจะระบุเป็นเปอร์เซนต์ของการหดตัวตามรัศมี (Radial) ตามเส้นสัมผัส(Tangential) และในช่องสุดท้ายจะเป็นอัตราส่วนของการหดตัวทั้ง2แนว
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Wood Species |
% Radial Shrinkage |
% Tangential Shrinkage |
Tangential/ Radial |
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U. S. Hardwoods | |||
Alder, Red |
4.4 |
7.3 |
1.7 |
Ash, Black |
5.0 |
7.8 |
1.6 |
Ash, Blue |
3.9 |
6.5 |
1.7 |
Ash, Green |
4.6 |
7.1 |
1.5 |
Ash, Oregon |
4.1 |
8.1 |
2.0 |
Ash, White |
4.9 |
7.8 |
1.6 |
Aspen, Bigtooth |
3.3 |
7.9 |
2.4 |
Aspen, Quaking |
3.5 |
6.7 |
1.9 |
Basswood |
6.6 |
9.3 |
1.4 |
Beech, American |
5.5 |
11.9 |
2.2 |
Birch, Alaska Paper |
6.5 |
9.9 |
1.5 |
Birch, Paper |
6.3 |
8.6 |
1.4 |
Birch, River |
4.7 |
9.2 |
2.0 |
Birch, Sweet |
6.5 |
9.0 |
1.4 |
Birch, Yellow |
7.3 |
9.5 |
1.3 |
Buckeye, Yellow |
3.6 |
8.1 |
2.3 |
Butternut |
3.4 |
6.4 |
1.9 |
California-laurel |
3.0 |
9.0 |
3.0 |
Catalpa, Northern |
2.0 |
5.0 |
2.5 |
Cherry, Black |
3.7 |
7.1 |
1.9 |
Chestnut, American |
3.4 |
6.7 |
2.0 |
Cottonwood, Balsam Poplar |
3.0 |
7.1 |
2.4 |
Cottonwood, Black |
3.6 |
8.6 |
2.4 |
Cottonwood, Eastern |
3.9 |
9.2 |
2.4 |
Dogwood, Flowering |
7.0 |
12.0 |
1.7 |
Elm, American |
4.2 |
9.5 |
2.3 |
Elm, Cedar |
4.7 |
10.2 |
2.2 |
Elm, Rock |
4.8 |
8.1 |
1.7 |
Elm, Slippery |
4.9 |
8.9 |
1.8 |
Elm, Winged |
5.3 |
11.6 |
2.2 |
Hackberry |
4.8 |
8.9 |
1.9 |
Hickory, Pecan |
4.9 |
8.9 |
1.8 |
Hickory, Mockernut |
7.7 |
11.0 |
1.4 |
Hickory, Pignut |
7.2 |
11.5 |
1.6 |
Hickory, Shagbark |
7.0 |
10.5 |
1.5 |
Hickory, Shellbark |
7.6 |
12.6 |
1.7 |
Holly, American |
4.8 |
9.9 |
2.1 |
Honeylocust |
4.2 |
6.6 |
1.6 |
Hophornbeam |
9.0 |
10.0 |
1.1 |
Horse Chestnut |
2.0 |
3.0 |
1.5 |
Locust, Black |
4.6 |
7.2 |
1.6 |
Madrone, Pacific |
5.6 |
12.4 |
2.2 |
Magnolia, Cucumbertree |
5.2 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
Magnolia, Southern |
5.4 |
6.6 |
1.2 |
Sweetbay |
4.7 |
8.3 |
1.8 |
Maple, Bigleaf |
3.7 |
7.1 |
1.9 |
Maple, Black |
4.8 |
9.3 |
1.9 |
Maple, Red |
4.0 |
8.2 |
2.1 |
Maple, Silver |
3.0 |
7.2 |
2.4 |
Maple, Striped |
3.2 |
8.6 |
2.7 |
Maple, Sugar |
4.8 |
9.9 |
2.1 |
Mesquite |
2.2 |
2.6 |
1.1 |
Oak, Black |
4.4 |
11.1 |
2.5 |
Oak, Laurel |
4.0 |
9.9 |
2.5 |
Oak, Northern Red |
4.0 |
8.6 |
2.2 |
Oak, Pin |
4.3 |
9.5 |
2.2 |
Oak, Scarlet |
4.4 |
10.8 |
2.5 |
Oak, Southern Red |
4.7 |
11.3 |
2.4 |
Oak, Water |
4.4 |
9.8 |
2.2 |
Oak, Willow |
5.0 |
9.6 |
1.9 |
Oak, Bur |
4.4 |
8.8 |
2.0 |
Oak, Chestnut |
5.3 |
10.8 |
2.0 |
Oak, Live |
6.6 |
9.5 |
1.4 |
Oak, Overcup |
5.3 |
12.7 |
2.4 |
Oak, Post |
5.4 |
9.8 |
1.8 |
Oak, Swamp Chestnut |
5.2 |
10.8 |
2.1 |
Oak, White |
5.6 |
10.5 |
1.9 |
Persimmon,Common |
7.9 |
11.2 |
1.4 |
Sassafras |
4.0 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
Sweetgum |
5.3 |
10.2 |
1.9 |
Sycamore, American |
5.0 |
8.4 |
1.7 |
Tanoak |
4.9 |
11.7 |
2.4 |
Tupelo, Black |
5.1 |
8.7 |
1.7 |
Tupelo, Water |
4.2 |
7.6 |
1.8 |
Walnut, Black |
5.5 |
7.8 |
1.4 |
Willow, Black |
3.3 |
8.7 |
2.6 |
Yellow-poplar |
4.6 |
8.2 |
1.8 |
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U. S. Softwoods | |||
Baldcypress |
3.8 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
Cedar, Alaska- |
2.8 |
6.0 |
2.1 |
Cedar, Atlantic White |
2.9 |
5.4 |
1.9 |
Cedar, Eastern Redcedar |
3.1 |
4.7 |
1.5 |
Cedar, Incense |
3.3 |
5.2 |
1.6 |
Cedar, Northern White |
2.2 |
4.9 |
2.2 |
Cedar, Port-Orford |
4.6 |
6.9 |
1.5 |
Cedar, Western Redcedar |
2.4 |
5.0 |
2.1 |
Douglas-fir, Coast |
4.8 |
7.6 |
1.6 |
Douglas-fir, Interior North |
3.8 |
6.9 |
1.8 |
Douglas-fir, Interior West |
4.8 |
7.5 |
1.6 |
Fir, Balsam |
2.9 |
6.9 |
2.4 |
Fir, California Red |
4.5 |
7.9 |
1.8 |
Fir, Grand |
3.4 |
7.5 |
2.2 |
Fir, Noble |
4.3 |
8.3 |
1.9 |
Fir, Pacific Silver |
4.4 |
9.2 |
2.1 |
Fir, Subalpine |
2.6 |
7.4 |
2.8 |
Fir, White |
3.3 |
7.0 |
2.1 |
Hemlock, Eastern |
3.0 |
6.8 |
2.3 |
Hemlock,Mountain |
4.4 |
7.1 |
1.6 |
Hemlock,Western |
4.2 |
7.8 |
1.9 |
Larch, Western |
4.5 |
9.1 |
2.0 |
Pine, Eastern White |
2.1 |
6.1 |
2.9 |
Pine, Jack |
3.7 |
6.6 |
1.8 |
Pine, Loblolly |
4.8 |
7.4 |
1.5 |
Pine, Lodgepole |
4.3 |
6.7 |
1.6 |
Pine, Longleaf |
5.1 |
7.5 |
1.5 |
Pine, Pitch |
4.0 |
7.1 |
1.8 |
Pine, Pond |
5.1 |
7.1 |
1.4 |
Pine, Ponderosa |
3.9 |
6.2 |
1.6 |
Pine, Red |
3.8 |
7.2 |
1.9 |
Pine, Shortleaf |
4.6 |
7.7 |
1.7 |
Pine, Slash |
5.4 |
7.6 |
1.4 |
Pine, Sugar |
2.9 |
5.6 |
1.9 |
Pine, Virginia |
4.2 |
7.2 |
1.7 |
Pine, Western White |
4.1 |
7.4 |
1.8 |
Redwood, Old-Growth |
2.6 |
4.4 |
1.7 |
Redwood, Young-Growth |
2.2 |
4.9 |
2.2 |
Spruce, Black |
4.1 |
6.8 |
1.7 |
Spruce, Engelmann |
3.8 |
7.1 |
1.9 |
Spruce, Red |
3.8 |
7.8 |
2.1 |
Spruce, Sitka |
4.3 |
7.5 |
1.7 |
Tamarack |
3.7 |
7.4 |
2.0 |
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Woods Imported into U. S. | |||
Afrormosia |
3.0 |
6.4 |
2.1 |
Albarco |
2.8 |
5.4 |
1.9 |
Albizia |
3.0 |
6.0 |
2.0 |
Almendrillo |
5.5 |
8.2 |
1.5 |
Andiroba |
3.1 |
7.6 |
2.5 |
Angelin |
4.6 |
9.8 |
2.1 |
Angelique |
5.2 |
8.8 |
1.7 |
Apitong |
5.2 |
10.9 |
2.1 |
Ayan |
3.0 |
5.0 |
1.7 |
Azobe |
8.4 |
11.0 |
1.3 |
Balata |
6.3 |
9.4 |
1.5 |
Balsa |
3.0 |
7.6 |
2.5 |
Banak |
4.6 |
8.8 |
1.9 |
Benge |
5.2 |
8.6 |
1.7 |
Bubinga |
5.8 |
8.4 |
1.4 |
Caribbean |
6.3 |
7.8 |
1.2 |
Cativo |
2.4 |
5.3 |
2.2 |
Cedar, South American |
4.0 |
6.0 |
1.5 |
Ceylon Satinwood |
6.0 |
7.0 |
1.2 |
Cocobolo |
3.0 |
4.0 |
1.3 |
Courbaril |
4.5 |
8.5 |
1.9 |
Cuangare |
4.2 |
9.4 |
2.2 |
Degame |
5.0 |
9.0 |
1.8 |
Determa |
3.7 |
7.6 |
2.1 |
Ebony |
5.5 |
6.5 |
1.2 |
Freijo |
4.0 |
7.0 |
1.8 |
Gmelina |
2.4 |
4.9 |
2.0 |
Greenheart |
8.8 |
9.6 |
1.1 |
Hura |
2.7 |
4.5 |
1.7 |
lpe |
6.6 |
8.0 |
1.2 |
lroko |
2.8 |
3.8 |
1.4 |
Jarrah |
4.6 |
6.6 |
1.4 |
Jelutong |
2.0 |
4.0 |
2.0 |
Kaneelhart |
5.4 |
7.9 |
1.5 |
Kapur |
4.6 |
10.2 |
2.2 |
Karri |
7.2 |
10.7 |
1.5 |
Kempas |
6.0 |
7.4 |
1.2 |
Keruing |
5.2 |
10.9 |
2.1 |
Lauan |
3.8 |
8.0 |
2.1 |
Limba |
4.5 |
6.2 |
1.4 |
Macawood |
2.7 |
3.5 |
1.3 |
Mahogany, African |
2.5 |
4.5 |
1.8 |
Mahogany, True |
3.0 |
4.1 |
1.4 |
Manbarklak |
5.8 |
10.3 |
1.8 |
Manni |
5.7 |
9.7 |
1.7 |
Marishballi |
7.5 |
11.7 |
1.6 |
Merbau |
2.7 |
4.6 |
1.7 |
Mersawa |
4.0 |
9.0 |
2.3 |
Mora |
6.9 |
9.8 |
1.4 |
Obeche |
3.0 |
5.4 |
1.8 |
Ocota |
4.6 |
7.5 |
1.6 |
Okoume |
4.1 |
6.1 |
1.5 |
Opepe |
4.5 |
8.4 |
1.9 |
Parana pine |
4.0 |
7.9 |
2.0 |
Pau Marfim |
4.6 |
8.8 |
1.9 |
Peroba Rosa |
3.8 |
6.4 |
1.7 |
Piquia |
5.0 |
8.0 |
1.6 |
Pilon |
5.4 |
11.7 |
2.2 |
Primavera |
3.1 |
5.1 |
1.6 |
Purpleheart |
3.2 |
6.1 |
1.9 |
Queensland walnut |
5.0 |
9.0 |
1.8 |
Ramin |
4.3 |
8.7 |
2.0 |
Roble (Quercus spp) |
6.4 |
11.7 |
1.8 |
Roble (Tabebuia spp) |
3.6 |
6.1 |
1.7 |
Rosewood, Brazilian |
2.9 |
4.6 |
1.6 |
Rosewood, Indian |
2.7 |
5.8 |
2.1 |
Santa Maria |
4.6 |
8.0 |
1.7 |
Sapele |
4.6 |
7.4 |
1.6 |
Sepetir |
3.7 |
7.0 |
1.9 |
Spanish-cedar |
4.2 |
6.3 |
1.5 |
Teak |
2.5 |
5.8 |
2.3 |
Wallaba |
3.6 |
6.9 |
1.9 |